Introduction: APIs and SEPs as essential inputs in the digital ecosystem.

Section 1: APIs, data sharing and interoperability: the role of standardization

1. Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) as a key enabler of interoperability among private and public undertakings ensuring a smooth flow of data between undertakings
2. Description of different EU views on who should define the APIs nor whether to standardize their creation
3. APIs standardization as key-aspect role of data access and sharing remedies which are currently under evaluation by policy makers worldwide as well as by private firms
4. The issue of compensation to data holder for data sharing and the European Commission proposal of relying on FRAND terms
5. Data pooling arrangements as a potential private ordering tool to enable sound and effective data sharing mechanisms